Centurial‐millenial ice‐rafted debris pulses from ablating marine ice sheets

We use an ice‐sheet model to show that (i) margins of marine ice‐sheets can be expected to be frozen to the bed, except where ice‐streams discharge; (ii) 20–50km retreats induced by ablation rates of 2 m/yr provide sufficient debris flux through the grounding line to produce large sedimentation events. Such ablation would reduce ice‐shelf extent markedly, permitting debris to reach the calving front and be transported by icebergs leading to ice‐rafted debris (IRD) events. Ice shelf break‐up takes around a century (start of IRD pulse), while the creation of warm‐based conditions (end of IRD pulse) due to upwards motion of warm ice takes a few more centuries. Such IRD pulses are unlikely to explain Heinrich events, which are associated with relatively cold periods within glaciations. Surges are not necessary conditions for the production of large IRD events

Family Foundations Giving Trends 2014 Report

This is the sixth annual edition of Family Foundation Giving Trends. It provides an uptade on annual charitable spending by the top 100 family foundations - a key indicator of the contribution of UK philanthropists, past and present. The report has been revised as part of a new series of foundation briefings published by ACF and CGAP with support from Pears Foundation. Foundations may be funded through families, individuals, family businesses, companies, government, or fundraising, and this report specifically focuses on family foundations

Supply Chain Management in the Hospitality Industry: A research agenda

Supply Chain Management is at the heart of competitive advantage for any organisation. Without Supply Chains, the Hospitality Industry would quickly grind to a halt. There would be no fruit or vegetables in our restaurants, no beer or wine in our bars and no beds or toilets in our hotels. There would be no recycling of glass or the disposal of food products. There would be no customers. Given the importance of Supply Chains to the Hospitality Industry it is perhaps surprising that so little is published about Supply Chains and how Supply Chains can be managed. The aim of this working paper is to define SCM and establish an agenda for undertaking research into this important but neglected topic

A model for the onset of oscillations near the stopping angle in an inclined granular flow

We propose an explanation for the onset of oscillations seen in numerical simulations of dense, inclined flows of inelastic, frictional spheres. It is based on a phase transition between disordered and ordered collisional states that may be interrupted by the formation of force chains. Low frequency oscillations between ordered and disordered states take place over weakly bumpy bases; higher-frequency oscillations over strongly bumpy bases involve the formation of particle chains that extend to the base and interrupt the phase change. The predicted frequency and amplitude of the oscillations induced by the unstable part of the equation of state are similar to those seen in the simulations and they depend upon the contact stiffness in the same way. Such oscillations could be the source of sound produced by flowing sand

Naturalness of the Coleman-Glashow Mass Relation in the 1/N_c Expansion: an Update

A new measurement of the Xi^0 mass verifies the accuracy of the Coleman-Glashow relation at the level predicted by the 1/N_c expansion. Values for other baryon isospin mass splittings are updated, and continue to agree with the 1/N_c hierarchy.Comment: 6 pages, revte

Adaptive management of Ramsar wetlands

Abstract The Macquarie Marshes are one of Australia’s iconic wetlands, recognised for their international importance, providing habitat for some of the continent’s more important waterbird breeding sites as well as complex and extensive flood-dependent vegetation communities. Part of the area is recognised as a wetland of international importance, under the Ramsar Convention. River regulation has affected their resilience, which may increase with climate change. Counteracting these impacts, the increased amount of environmental flow provided to the wetland through the buy-back and increased wildlife allocation have redressed some of the impacts of river regulation. This project assists in the development of an adaptive management framework for this Ramsar-listed wetland. It brings together current management and available science to provide an informed hierarchy of objectives that incorporates climate change adaptation and assists transparent management. The project adopts a generic approach allowing the framework to be transferred to other wetlands, including Ramsar-listed wetlands, supplied by rivers ranging from highly regulated to free flowing. The integration of management with science allows key indicators to be monitored that will inform management and promote increasingly informed decisions. The project involved a multi-disciplinary team of scientists and managers working on one of the more difficult challenges for Australia, exacerbated by increasing impacts of climate change on flows and inundation patterns

The Governance and Financial Management of Endowed Charitable Foundations

This report into the governance and financial management of endowed charitable foundations -- charities that fund their activities mostly from investments -- is the first research of its kind into this sector. It examines the common principles for the management of charitable foundations and, through interviews and case studies, shows the ways different organisations have implemented them to get the best value for their charitable aims. The report identifies that there are 900 endowed foundations in England and Wales with income over £500k. With collective assets of £48.5bn -- nearly half the Voluntary Sector assets of the UK as a whole - they are together responsible for £2.3bn charitable spending each year

Baryon Masses at Second Order in Chiral Perturbation Theory

We analyze the baryon mass differences up to second order in chiral perturbation theory, including the effects of decuplet intermediate states. We show that the Coleman--Glashow relation has computable corrections of order $(m_d - m_u) m_s$. These corrections are numerically small, and in agreement with the data. We also show that corrections to the $\Sigma$ equal-spacing rule are dominated by electromagnetic contributions, and that the Gell-Mann--Okubo formula has non-analytic corrections of order $m_s^2 \ln m_s$ which cannot be computed from known matrix elements. We also show that the baryon masses cannot be used to extract model-independent information about the current quark masses.Comment: 11 pages, 1 uu-encoded figure, LBL-34779, UCB-PTH-93/2